Study Continues to Refine Most Effective Methods to Predict Alzheimer’s Disease
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A new Mayo Clinic study found that the clinical criteria for mild cognitive impairment is better at predicting who will develop Alzheimer’s disease than a single memory test. This is one more piece of information to aid in the identification and early treatment of individuals most likely to develop Alzheimer’s disease. This study will be presented at the Alzheimer’s Association International Conference on Alzheimer’s Disease on July 14 in Vienna.
Alzheimer’s disease is a degenerative disorder of the brain in which nerve cells die over time, resulting in a steady loss of memory and other thinking abilities. An estimated 5.3 million Americans are living with Alzheimer’s disease, and it is the sixth-leading cause of death in the U.S. Mild cognitive impairment is a transitional state between normal aging and the earliest features of Alzheimer’s disease.
“The goal of this research is to try to predict who is going to develop Alzheimer’s disease in the future,” says Ronald Petersen, M.D., Ph.D., a neurologist at Mayo Clinic and the lead author of this study. “Ideally, we’d like to identify individuals before any damage is done in the brain. The sooner we intervene on this process with medications or other therapies, the greater impact we can have on lessening the number of people who will ultimately develop Alzheimer’s disease.”
Scientist First to Characterize Novel Syndrome of Allergy, Apraxia, Malabsorption
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A landmark study conducted by Children’s Hospital & Research Center Oakland is the first to reveal a new syndrome in children that presents with a combination of allergy, apraxia and malabsorption. Autism spectrum disorders were variably present. Verbal apraxia has until now been understood to be a neurologically based speech disorder, although hints of other neurological soft signs have been described. The new study, led by Children’s Hospital & Research Center Oakland scientist and pediatric emergency medicine physician, Claudia Morris, MD, and Marilyn C. Agin, MD, a neurodevelopmental pediatrician at Saint Vincent Medical Center in New York, however, suggests that the symptoms of verbal apraxia are, at least for a sub-group of children, part of a larger, multifactorial, neurologic syndrome involving food allergies/gluten-sensitivity and nutritional malabsorption.
“While it is critical to treat verbal apraxia symptoms that often include severe delays in expressive speech production with speech therapy, we need to start asking why these kids are having these problems in the first place so that we can identify mechanisms we can actually target to treat the cause of the symptoms,” says Dr. Morris.
Published in the July/August issue of Alternative Therapies in Health and Medicine, the new study takes a major step toward identifying the potential mechanisms that may contribute to apraxia symptoms. In the study, Dr. Morris collected information from nearly 200 families with children who suffered from verbal apraxia in order to better characterize the symptoms and metabolic anomalies of a subset of children.
New tests may help spot early-stage Alzheimer’s
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New tests assessing brain changes and body chemistry are showing promise at diagnosing Alzheimer’s disease in its earliest stages, aiding the search for new drugs, researchers said on Tuesday.
In one study, Irish researchers found scans measuring brain volume and a combination of memory tests accurately identified nearly 95 percent of people who had progressed from mild cognitive impairment to early Alzheimer’s disease.
In another study, U.S. researchers found that a type of brain scan that measures glucose combined with low scores on memory tests was a strong predictor of disease progression.
Recession Stressful for Many Kids, Toughest on Poor and Uninsured
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As the economy continues to falter, a poll released today shows that parents must make harder choices about how to spend what money they have, and children – especially those who are uninsured or who are among the lowest income bracket - are more at risk because of it.
The C.S. Mott Children’s Hospital National Poll on Children’s Health taken in May 2009 shows 44 percent of families’ financial situations have worsened in the last six months. To make ends meet, many have cut back on extras (65 percent), applied for government health coverage (24 percent), applied for free or reduced lunch programs (27 percent), and delayed taking their children to the doctor (11 percent) or dentist (16 percent).
“In particular, we found that if a family’s financial situation had worsened over the last 6 months and their children were uninsured, 40 percent of those parents had delayed taking their children to the doctor,” says Matthew Davis, M.D., director of the poll. “This is a particularly concerning statistic when we consider that some of these kids whose care is being delayed may be particularly vulnerable or at risk for serious health problems.”
Study finds citrus-derived flavonoid prevents obesity
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A flavonoid derived from citrus fruit has shown tremendous promise for preventing weight gain and other signs of metabolic syndrome which can lead to Type 2 Diabetes and increased risk of cardiovascular disease. The study, led by Murray Huff of the Robarts Research Institute at The University of Western Ontario looked at a flavonoid (plant-based bioactive molecule) called naringenin. The findings are published online in the journal Diabetes.
In the study one group of mice was fed a high-fat (western) diet to induce the symptoms of metabolic syndrome. A second group was fed the exact same diet and treated with naringenin. Naringenin corrected the elevations in triglyceride and cholesterol, prevented the development of insulin resistance and completely normalized glucose metabolism. The researchers found it worked by genetically reprogramming the liver to burn up excess fat, rather than store it.
“Furthermore, the marked obesity that develops in these mice was completely prevented by naringenin,” says Huff, Director of the Vascular Biology Research Group at Robarts and Professor of Medicine and Biochemistry at the Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry.
Swiss group agrees on rules for assisted suicide
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Swiss right-to-die group Exit has agreed to rules to govern the practice of assisted suicide with prosecutors in the city of Zurich that it hopes might eventually form the basis of national regulation, they said on Friday.
The rules include that assisted suicide is only allowed for those in serious suffering due to health problems, accident or disability; all other options must be exhausted and only a deadly dose of anaesthetic sodium pentobarbital can be used.
The deal, which was signed on Tuesday, said Exit was not allowed to make a profit from helping people die and can charge a maximum of 500 Swiss francs ($461) per assisted suicide.
Lawmakers reject tax to pay for health reform
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U.S. lawmakers on Sunday criticized a plan to raise taxes on the wealthy to pay for a $1 trillion healthcare overhaul and warned Congress was unlikely to meet President Barack Obama’s goal of passing the measure by August.
Republican Senator Judd Gregg said finishing a healthcare bill by Congress’ August recess was “highly unlikely” because the Senate Finance Committee had not yet completed a draft. Senator John Kyl, the Republican whip, said there was “no chance” it would be done before the break.
“President Obama was right about one thing. He said if it’s not done quickly, it won’t be done at all. Why did he say that? Because the longer it hangs out there, the more the American people are skeptical, anxious and even in opposition to it,” Kyl told ABC’s “This Week” program.
Spread your sperm the smart way
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Attractive males release fewer sperm per mating to maximise their chances of producing offspring across a range of females, according to a new paper on the evolution of ejaculation strategies. The findings by researchers at UCL (University College London) and the University of Oxford suggest that, paradoxically, matings with attractive males may be less fertile than those with unattractive ones.
In a paper to be published in the journal American Naturalist, the team mathematically modelled a range of male ejaculation strategies to look for the optimum “sperm load” per mating, and how this might vary depending on mating patterns. Previous studies have shown that in animals such as the domestic fowl, and fish such as the Arctic charr, males with privileged access to females produce ejaculates of lower fertilising quality than subordinate males.
Sam Tazzyman, UCL CoMPLEX (Centre for Mathematics and Physics in the Life Sciences and Experimental Biology), says: “In some species, females mate with many different males. Each male’s sperm competes with that of other males in a process known as ‘sperm competition’. Since males have finite resources to allocate to breeding, they allocate them carefully to each mating to maximise their number of offspring. If a male puts a lot of resources into each mating he will get more offspring per mating, but at the expense of fewer matings. If, on the other hand, a male puts few resources into each mating he will secure less paternity per mating, but will be able to carry out more matings overall. Thus, there is a trade-off between number of matings and success per mating.”
Teens’ drinking linked to mental health problems
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Teenagers who drink heavily are also more likely than their peers to have behavioral problems or symptoms of depression and anxiety, a new study finds.
The study, of nearly 9,000 Norwegian teenagers, found that those who said they had been drunk more than 10 times in their lives were more likely to have attention and conduct problems in school. Meanwhile, heavy-drinking girls showed higher rates of depression and anxiety symptoms.
The findings, published in the online journal Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health, are based on a one-time survey. They do not, therefore, show whether the drinking came before or after the teenagers’ other problems.
Pigs at risk from people as new flu spreads
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There is a growing risk that pigs will catch the new H1N1 flu strain—commonly known as swine flu—from humans, German researchers said on Thursday.
Widespread transmission from people to pigs could mix up virus strains further, leading to unpredictable changes in the disease.
There have already been a handful of suspected cases of humans passing the current pandemic H1N1 virus to swine. The latest German research confirms it is infectious to pigs and can spread rapidly.
Number of US preterm, low birth weight babies down
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The encouraging news: After several decades of steady increases, the percentages of infants born preterm and the percentage born with low birth weight declined slightly in 2007 in the US, according to a report released today.
The bad news: In 2007, 18% of all US children ages 0 to 17 lived in poverty, up from 17% the year before, Dr. Duane Alexander, Director of Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, noted at a telebriefing describing highlights of the US government’s annual report on the well-being of American children.
“Infants born preterm and of low birth weight are at increased risk for infant death and they also have a greater chance of lifelong disabilities such as blindness, deafness and cerebral palsy, making this an extremely important indicator of child well-being,” Alexander noted.
Mom’s drug use tied to child-abuse risk
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Young children whose mothers abuse drugs may face a higher risk of abuse and placement in foster care, a new study finds.
Australian researchers found that infants whose mothers abused amphetamines or opiates such as heroin were 13 times more likely to become victims of neglect or abuse than other children their age. Their odds of being placed in foster care were similarly elevated, according to findings published in the journal Pediatrics.
Using data from child-protection services, Andrea McGlade of the Royal Children’s Hospital in Brisbane and her colleagues found that half of the children born to drug-abusing mothers became victims of neglect or physical, emotional or sexual abuse.
Study Identifies Potential Fix for Damaged Knees
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Investigators from Hospital for Special Surgery have shown that a biodegradable scaffold or plug can be used to treat patients with damaged knee cartilage. The study is unique in that it used serial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and newer quantitative T2 mapping to examine how the plug incorporated itself into the knee. The research, abstract 8372, will be presented during the annual meeting of the American Orthopedic Society for Sports Medicine, July 9-12, in Keystone, Colo.
“The data has been encouraging to support further evaluation of this synthetic scaffold as a cartilage repair technique,” said Asheesh Bedi, M.D., a fellow in sports medicine and shoulder surgery at Hospital for Special Surgery who was involved with the study. Dr. Bedi performed analysis of MRI scans of patients primarily treated by Riley Williams, M.D., director of the Institute for Cartilage Repair at Hospital for Special Surgery. “The Trufit plug has been designed to have mechanical properties that are similar to cartilage and bone,” Dr. Bedi said.
Damage to so-called articular cartilage can occur in various ways, ranging from direct trauma in a motor vehicle accident to a noncontact, pivoting event on the soccer field. “Articular cartilage lacks the intrinsic properties of healing—you are essentially born with the articular cartilage that you have,” Dr. Bedi said. Left untreated, these injuries can increase loads placed on the remaining intact cartilage and increase the risk of progression to degenerative arthritis. One way to treat patients with symptomatic chondral lesions is an OATS procedure, in which cartilage is transferred from one portion of the knee to treat another. Because this is a “robbing Peter to pay Paul” situation, researchers at Hospital for Special Surgery set out to examine whether they could use a biodegradable plug, the Trufit CB plug, to fill the donor site. The goal was to monitor how the plug incorporated itself into the knee and to evaluate the quality of the repair cartilage.
Two Reproductive Factors are Important Predictors of Death from Ovarian Cancer
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Researchers from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) found that survival among women with ovarian cancer is influenced by age of menarche and total number of lifetime ovulatory cycles.
This finding suggests that hormonal activity over the course of a woman’s lifetime may influence the prognosis after an ovarian cancer diagnosis. Results of this study are published in Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention, a journal of the American Association for Cancer Research.
Results of previous studies indicated that fewer lifetime ovulatory cycles, higher parity, oral contraceptive use, hysterectomy and tubal ligation are associated with decreased risk of developing this form of cancer, according to the researchers. However, little is known about the influence of these factors on a patient’s survival after a diagnosis of ovarian cancer.
Health Clinic Conditions May Be to Blame for Decrease in Primary Care Physicians
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Adverse work conditions may be to blame for the decline in the number of primary care physicians nationwide, according to a study published in the latest issue of the Annals of Internal Medicine.
“Unfavorable work conditions are associated with stress, burnout and intent to leave for primary care physicians,” said Dr. Anita Varkey, study author and assistant professor in the department of medicine, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine. “These factors contribute to poor job satisfaction, which is among the reasons we are seeing a decrease in the number of primary care physicians.”
The Association of American Medical Colleges estimates that the overall shortage of doctors may grow to 124,400 by 2025.
“There are not enough primary care physicians to meet current needs,” said Varkey, who also is medical director of the general medicine clinic at Loyola Outpatient Center, Loyola University Health System. “These findings suggest that a chaotic clinic environment may further exacerbate this problem and potentially lead to lower quality of patient care due to physician turnover and lack of continuity in care.”
