Hydrocephalus in Children

What are the treatments for the condition?

If a tumor or cyst is causing the obstruction, surgery to remove it may cure this condition.

A ventriculoperitoneal shunt can be inserted to go around a blockage. This allows CSF to flow freely, relieving the pressure inside the brain. Shunts are usually made of special plastic materials. One end of the shunt is inserted into one of the ventricles in the brain through a hole drilled into the skull. The other end of the shunt is tunneled under the skin. It is usually threaded down into the heart or abdomen. The shunts have a one-way valve that only allows fluid to flow away from the brain. Some shunts have a chamber placed under the scalp. This allows the shunt to be pumped. Occasionally, shunt tubing needs to be replaced with longer tubing as the child grows.

What are the side effects of the treatments?

Any surgery carries a risk of bleeding and allergic reaction to anesthesia. The major complication of shunts, however, is infection. Over time, shunts can become blocked and may need to be replaced.

What happens after treatment for the condition?

Management of hydrocephalus is a complicated process, requiring the input of a number of specialists. The child may have behavioral or learning problems that require special education and treatment.

How is the condition monitored?

Children with hydrocephalus need ongoing, long-term monitoring. The child's physical and mental development, learning ability, vision, and behavior will be closely watched. Any new or worsening symptoms should be reported to the healthcare provider.