Iron Deficiency Anemia

How is the condition diagnosed?

Diagnosis of iron deficiency anemia starts with a medical history and physical exam. Blood tests, including a complete blood count or CBC, may be ordered. Further tests may be needed to determine the reason for the low iron if it is not clear. For example, screening tests for colon cancer can detect blood in the stool.

A bone marrow biopsy may be done in complex cases. The biopsy involves inserting a special needle through the skin into the hipbone. A sample of bone marrow is then taken with the needle. Bone marrow is a soft substance in the middle of some bones. Red blood cells are made in the marrow. Much of the body's iron is stored inside the bone marrow. A sample of bone marrow can be examined to look for iron deficiency.